In which century B.C. All men would recognize that Israel stood in a special relationship to the God of heaven (Deuteronomy 7:6-14; 28:10; Jeremiah 16:20, 21). Rabbinic tradition has it that Isaiah's father, Amoz (not the same as Amos the prophet), was a brother of King Amaziah. The sixteen prophetsIsaiah to Malachiwhose writings have come down to us lived during four centuries, from about 800 to 400 B.C. Ezekiel blames the people for ritual misbehavior. Accordingly, Abraham became in a special sense the Friend of God (James 2:23) and the father of all them that believe (Romans 4:11). 5. He would renew His covenant with them (Jeremiah 31:10-38; Ezekiel 36:21-38; Zechariah 1:12, 17; 2:12), including its accompanying blessings (Jeremiah 33:3, 6-26; Ezekiel 36:8-15). It ran from the last year Judah's King Uzziah ruled (740 B.C. What archaeological evidence implies Isaiah was a unified book? Furthermore, it should be remembered that the Messiah, after the flesh, was a Jew, that the charter members of the Christian church were all Jews, and that Christianity grew out of Judaism. With Him there is no variableness, neither shadow of turning (James 1:17). WebEmphasize that when God prompted Isaiah to write about the Lord Jesus it was way before Jesus was born. In the introduction to his book he declares that he worked under the kings Uzziah of Judah and Jeroboam II of Israel. 3. Daniel 2:35). His call came to him sometime in October/November, 520 B.C., in the same year as Haggais first appearance (chapter 1:1). After the great final call to the world to acknowledge the true God, those who persisted in refusing allegiance to Him would unite together with the evil thought of laying siege to the city of Jerusalem and taking it by force of arms, in order to appropriate to themselves the material advantages with which God had blessed His people (Ezekiel 38:8-12; Jeremiah 25:32; Joel 3:1, 12; Zechariah 12:2-9; 14:2; cf. Prophecies that fall into the latter classification are to be fulfilled in principle but not necessarily in every detail, owing to the fact that many details of prophecy were concerned with Israel as a literal nation situated in the land of Palestine. Captivity, he said, had confirmed the curse that came because of disobedience (verses 11, 12) and Jerusalem lay desolate (verses 16-19). (This rule does not apply to those portions of the book of Daniel that the prophet was bidden to shut up and seal, or to other passages whose application Inspiration may have limited exclusively to our own time.). The importance of their books cannot be overestimated, as many of these prophecies are yet to be fulfilled. The fourth school of interpretation may, at times, arrive at a valid application of the predictive portions of Old Testament prophecy to the church today and to its future experience, but neglects the primary application of these messages to their historical setting, and proceeds, quite arbitrarily, to determine that certain selected passages were written more or less exclusively for the church today. Jerusalem would have become a great missionary center, and the earth would have been set ablaze with the light of truth in one grand, final appeal to those who had not as yet accepted the invitation of divine mercy. This situation fits best the time prior to the rise of the Chaldean Empire under Nabopolassar, who began to reign in 626/25 B.C., and who, with the Medes, was responsible for the destruction of Assyria. However, it is possible that some of his undated prophecies were given at a later time. He has a controversy with them because they have rebelled against His authority (Jeremiah 25:31-33), and He will judge (Joel 3:9-17) and destroy them there (Isaiah 34:1-8; 63:1-6; 66:15-18). In spite of the bold and zealous efforts of such prophets as Elijah, Elisha, Amos, and Hosea, the northern kingdom rapidly deteriorated and was eventually carried into Assyrian captivity. The blessings of health. WebJeremiah was active as a prophet from the thirteenth year of Josiah, king of Judah (626 BC), until after the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of Solomon's Temple in 587 BC. They devised different theologies to respond to the destruction of the Temple. All the visions of Daniel recorded in chapters 7-12 were received during the last years of his life, the first one (chapter 7) in Belshazzars 1st year (552 or possibly later), and the last one (chapters 10-12) in the 3rd year of Cyrus, 536/35 B.C. Nehemiah 12:12, 16). Jeremiah 1:7 But the LORD told me: "Do not say, 'I am only a child.' However, there is also no reference made to Persia, which would be expected if the book was of so late a date. Tell them that in Isaiah 9, Jesus entire life and death is referenced. Returning to their homelands, the Gentile ambassadors would counsel their fellow countrymen, Let us go speedily to pray before the Lord, and to seek the Lord (Zechariah 8:21, 22; cf. Deported to Babylon, they were to learn in adversity the lessons they had failed to learn during times of prosperity (Jeremiah 25:5-7; 29:18, 19; 30:11-14; 46:28; Ezekiel 20:25-38; Micah 4:10-12), and to impart to the heathen Babylonians a knowledge of the true God. Not only is Malachi last in the sequential order of the prophets; it is also the last prophetic book produced in pre-Christian times. Israels unwillingness to submit to the restrictions and requirements of God, prevented them, to a great extent, from reaching the high standard He desired them to attain, and from receiving the blessings He was ready to bestow upon them. (2 Chron. It was Gods design that the whole earth be prepared for the first advent of Christ, even as to-day the way is preparing for His second coming. Obedience to the law of God would make them marvels of prosperity before the nations of the world, living witnesses to the greatness and majesty of God (Deuteronomy 8:17, 18; 28:11-13). Isaiah was the great forerunner of the writers. Accordingly, the covenant promises and privileges were all permanently transferred from literal to spiritual Israel (Romans 9:4; cf. 740-700 B.C. Remember that the record of Gods dealings with His people in ages past has been recorded for the benefit of all later generations to the end of time. The chart allows both ideas, indicating his possible ministry during the two decades preceding 560 B.C. WebIn Judea: prophecy of Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Obadiah, and Habakkuk In Babylon: prophecy of Ezekiel. The prophets thus provided a firm foundation for the faith of the apostolic church and made a direct and vital contribution to the Christian faith. Copyright 2008 - http://www.BibleChronologyTimeline.com. Jeremiah has a slightly more commonplace experience, he just hears Gods voice directly tell him that before he was even formed in the womb he was appointed to be a prophet to the nations, no big deal. The ministry of Amos may therefore have fallen in the years 767-753 B.C. Our study of messages originally proclaimed by holy men of old to the people of their day is not to become an end in itself, but a means of discovering the will of God for all who would render Him truehearted service now, at the climax of the ages. The people might approach God personally and through the ministry of a mediating priesthood, their representatives before Him; He would direct the nation through the ministry of prophets, His appointed representatives to them. The remaining messages and prophecies, found in chapters 9-14, are not dated, a fact that prevents us from fixing the duration of the prophets activity. Inasmuch as it is possible to date the kings of Judah and Israel, especially the later ones, with comparatively high accuracy, the various reigns during which these sixteen prophets ministered have been entered in this chart according to the tentative chronology used in this commentary. It was therefore not alone unto themselves and to their contemporaries that the prophets ministered, but also to all sincere men and women of later generations (1 Peter 1:12). Between the first invasion of Nebuchadnezzar in 605 B.C. None of Judahs last four kings trusted in the Lord, so Jeremiahs ministry was rejected by all of them. Several prophecies followed a few months later (Zechariah 1:7 to 6:15). It is important to note that all the Old Testament promises looking forward to a time of restoration for the Jews were given in anticipation of their return from captivity (see Isaiah 10:24-34; 14:1-7; 27:12, 13; 40:2; 61:4-10; Jeremiah 16:14-16; 23:3-8; 25:11; 29:10-13; 30:3-12; 32:7-27, 37-44; Ezekiel 34:11-15; 37; Amos 9:10-15; Micah 2:12, 13; etc.). Joel 1:15; 2:1, 32) can hardly serve as evidence for either a late or an early date. It was Gods design that the whole earth be prepared for the first advent of Christ, even as to-day the way is preparing for His second coming. Human traditions came to be honored in place of the revealed will of God (see on Mark 7:6-9). Ambassadors from one foreign country after another would come to discover, if they might, the great secret of Israels success as a nation, and its leaders would have the opportunity of directing the minds of their visitors to the Source of all good things. Unfortunately, Nehemiahs second term as governor cannot be dated, which fact makes it also somewhat difficult to date Malachi. Those who think that chapter 52 was added as an inspired postscript by Jeremiahs secretary or one of his disciples, believe that he died some 20 years earlier, about 580 B.C. Since only these two kings are mentioned, Amos seems to have prophesied during the time when both kings were sole rulers in their respective kingdoms. Galatians 5:19-23), and because of this failure to bear the fruit expected of them, forfeited their role in the divine plan (see Romans 11:20). Had Judah remained loyal to God its captivity would not have been necessary. As the nations of antiquity should behold Israels unprecedented progress, their attention and interest would be aroused. He belonged to a family of priests whose home town was Anathoth. They grasped at the material blessings so generously offered them, but refused the spiritual graces that would have transformed their lives and fitted them to be His representatives. Desiring the same blessings for themselves, they would make inquiry as to how they too might acquire these obvious material advantages. Hence, 640 B.C., about midway between the two limits, marked by the destruction of Thebes and the fall of Nineveh, would seem to be a reasonable conjectural date for Nahums prophetic ministry. Skill in agriculture and animal husbandry. This page and its content is copyright 2012. The close of his ministry is tentatively set by some scholars at 510. 22 quart mirro pressure canner There is no god but He. Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, however, did. In Jeremiah, we see evidence of God elevating humble men like Jeremiah to become leaders precisely when they are needed. Seventy weeks490 years of literal timewere determined upon the Jews, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness (Daniel 9:24). So early a date for Jonah1s ministryabout 790 B.C.fits well into Assyrian history. However, these messages pertaining to the then-distant future were intended, not only to inspire patience, comfort, and hope in the day they were first given, but also to provide men of Christs day with confirming evidence of His Messiahship. Thus. Web1 God calls Jeremiah to be prophet in Judah. Observe the conditional aspects of the prediction and ascertain whether or not, or to what extent, the conditions were met. Church tradition suggests that Jeremiah was stoned to death in Egypt by the Jews. Four verses, Isaiah 45:12; 48:13; and Jeremiah 10:12; 51:15 use the Qal perfect form. Note by whom it was spoken, to whom it was addressed, and the circumstances that called it forth. Pests and diseases, flood and drought, crop failureall these would eventually disappear. Instead of becoming light bearers to the world they absorbed its darkness and reflected that darkness instead. WebISAIAH, DANIEL, AND ZECHARIAH We need to make a comparison between the three prophets, Isaiah, Daniel, and Zechariah, in two matters: in Gods economy toward His chosen people and in Christ for the people of His concern. One column provides a list of certain special events of this periodsome of a political nature, concerning the nations surrounding Israel and Judah, others of a domestic nature. The life of Christ is a perfect example of the character of God would have His people develop (see on Luke 2:52). It is possible that he worked much longer, as part of chapters 9-14 may have been given at a much later time. God entered into solemn covenant relationship with him (Genesis 15:18; 17:2-7), and his posterity, Israel, inherited the sacred trust of being Gods chosen representatives on earth (Hebrews 11:9) for the salvation of the entire human race. All this leads to the conclusion that Micah prophesied from about 740 to about 700 B.C. In Him I have placed my trust, and He is the Lord of the Great Throne. (Q. Jeremiah blames the people for ethical misbehavior. But when the Jews rejected Christ there was no such assurance of reinstatement. In the inspired utterances of the prophets of old the sincere seeker for truth will thus find messages of inspiration, comfort, and guidance for today. The kings of Assyria, Babylonia, and Persia, whose dates for this period are well established, are shown in a separate column. The Hebrew people were to acquire wisdom and skill in all cunning work, that is, a high degree of inventive genius and ability as artisans, for the manufacture of all kinds of utensils and mechanical devices. For two of them (Joel and Obadiah), however, no conclusive evidence as to the time of their work exists, and scholars differ widely in their views concerning this matter. (27-3) Ezekiel 25:3. Micah was a prophet from Moresheth-gath (chapter 1:1, 14), probably Tell ejJudeideh in southwestern Judah. A closer dating is impossible in spite of the statement that his first divine message came to him two years before the earthquake (chapter 1:1), because the date of this event is unknown. Acts 1:6), to appear as a liberator and conqueror, and to exalt Israel to dominion over all nations (see on Luke 4:19). Now it is spiritual Israel, in the past not a people but now the people of God, that are to shew forth the praises of the One who has called them out of darkness into his marvellous light (1 Peter 2:9, 10). He would have come, He would have died, and would have risen again. Hence, Jonah was probably the earliest of the prophets under discussion. The voice of God through the prophets distinctly speaks to us today. National greatness. WebIsaiah lived about 100 years before Jeremiah. The futurist school of interpretation contends that the many promises of restoration and world leadership made to ancient Israel are yet to be fulfilled in connection with the establishment of the modern state of Israel in Palestine. In Egypt, Jeremiah raised his voice against the idolatries the Jews practiced there (chapters 43; 44). 1 Kings 22:28). They were doing no positive good; therefore they were doing incalculable harm, and their influence became a savor of death. During the siege, reprobate Israelites would be slain by their foes (Zechariah 13:8; 14:2). It should be remembered that God does not force the human will, and that Israels cooperation was essential to the success of His plan for the nation. The futurist school ignores both the conditional element pervading predictive prophecy, clearly and emphatically proclaimed by the prophets themselves, and the specific statements of the New Testament that affirm that the privileges and responsibilities of ancient Israel have, in Christ, been transferred to the church. Old Testament Study. The church in this generation has been endowed by God with great privileges and blessings, and He expects corresponding returns. For I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more.. A comparison between some of his prophecies and those of Amos indicates that Hosea was a younger contemporary of Amos (cf. Four eminent Hebrew prophets addressed themselves to the people of Israel and Judah in the latter half of the 8th pre-Christian century: Amos, Hosea, Micah, and Isaiah. To pray by faith for God to fulfill His promises, we must be obedient to Gods difficult commands. Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited other than the following: You may print or download to a local hard disk extracts for your personal use only. JEREMIAH I will call them my people, which were not my people (Romans 9:25, 26). If Jeremiah had been writing a novel, he would have been the hero of his own story. To this can be added the mention of Greeks (chapter 3:6), who hardly played a role in Near Eastern history earlier than the 7th century. That which God purposed to do for the world through Israel, the chosen nation, He will finally accomplish through His church on earth to-day. Consideration is given to the role of literal Israel as Gods chosen people, to the way His plan for them was to have been accomplished, to the way in which it actually did work out, and to the eventual transfer of the privileges and responsibilities of literal Israel to spiritual Israel, that is, to the Christian church. 4:3 with Amos 8:8; Hosea 4:15 with Amos 5:5; and Hosea 8:14 with Amos 2:5). Unparalleled prosperity, both temporal and spiritual, was promised them as the reward for putting into practice the righteous and wise principles of heaven (Deuteronomy 4:6-9; 7:12-15; 28:1-14). It is certain, however, that he lived and labored in the southern kingdom, and that his main prophecy dealt with Assyria in general and Nineveh in particular. He was sawed in half, Menessah killed him. Webcation of Jeremiah as a true prophet. All nations of earth were to share in the blessings so generously bestowed upon Israel. Jeremiah had been chosen by God for his office before birth (chapter 1:5), and was called to be a prophet at a tender age (chapter 1:6, 7). WebBefore we begin our review of the parts of Jeremiahs early ministry, let us first set out the usual and customary picture of it. For a short time during his reign Assyria turned from its polytheistic religion to a kind of monotheistic Nabu worship. Numbers 14:26-34. In view of the light they had received from God, they were even worse than the heathen, to whom they felt so much superior. WebWhat are the common divisions of Isaiah made by contemporary scholars? Galatians 3:27-29; see on Deuteronomy 18:15). This would make Isaiah first cousin to King Uzziah and grandson to The prophets vivid description of the catastrophe that had befallen Thebes leaves the impression that the event was still fresh in the memory of the people, whereas Assyrias power, although waning, was not yet near its end. That the Bible really does claim that the stretching out of the heavens is both finished and ongoing is made all the more evident in Isaiah 40:22. 2. Tools. Ezekiel 38:16, 18-23; 39:1-7). They would gather themselves together and come from far (Isaiah 49:18, 12, 6, 8, 9, 22; Psalms 102:22). The kingdom was overturned (Ezekiel 21:25-32) and the people removed from the land, which had been theirs only by virtue of the covenant relationship (Hosea 9:3, 15, Micah 2:10; cf. See Deuteronomy 7:13; 28:2-8; Malachi 3:8-11. answer. The fundamental principle by which we can tell unerringly when any particular promise or prediction of the Old Testament made originally to literal Israel is to meet its fulfillment with respect to spiritual Israel iswhen a later inspired writer makes such an application of it. They voluntarily accepted God as their sovereign, and this constituted the nation a theocracy. 3. This leaves Ezekiel with a ministry of at least 22 years, from 593/92 to 571/70. Hence no reference to these two kingdoms was made by the prophet. Nick Baumgardner, a senior writer from the same publication, predicts Notre Dames all-time sack leader will fall to the early third round in his latest mock draft.. Daniel Jeremiah, a draft analyst for the NFL Network, concurs. Furthermore, the fact that the people of Tyre and Sidon do not appear as hostile nations of Judah until the last decades of its history, while they are mentioned by Joel as Judahs enemies, seems also to point to a late date for the prophets ministry. Dead sea scrolls. Hence, he seems to have labored at a time before Assyria played a role in Palestinian affairs. Yet the book contains no clear indication of the time in which the prophet lived. Several of his messages were against various foreign nations. For illustrations of the reversal of threatened judgment, see Jonah 3:3-10; cf. Foskey, however, is far from a lock to be selected with one of the 31 first-round selections. WebThis tables shows the reigns of each of the Kings of Judah and Israel, together with the dates and lengths of the reigns, and the prophets who were active at that time. But it is only against the background of the original historical context of the message that its meaning and value for us can be established with certainty. WebEzekiels use of dramatic prophetic signs, his rejection of collective divine punishment and assertion of individual responsibility are discussed. The glorious era of David and Solomon marked what might have been the beginning of Israels golden age). Upon His final departure from the sacred precincts of the Temple, Jesus said, Your house is left unto you desolate (Matthew 23:38). The Temple was apparently rebuilt, and sacrifices were regularly offered at the time of the prophets activity (chapter 1:7-10). WebBut the words of Isaiah live with the Jewish people to this day as fresh and as relevant as ever. The Bible contains more information about his life and times than any other prophet. Israel would reply, Accept our God as your God, love and serve Him as we do, and He will do the same for you. The blessings thus assured Israel were, on the same conditions and in the same degree, assured to every nation and to every individual under the broad heavens see Acts 10:34, 35; 15:7-9; Romans 10:12, 13; etc.). This concept of the role of Israel is reiterated again and again throughout the Old Testament. chapter 9:7; Isaiah 66:23). the ideal selection is option C. Learn more about the Book of Micah here: Most of them are mentioned in the Bible, in either the prophetic or the historical books. It is thought that Isaiah and Micah lived at the same time and addressed different audiences. The Christian church is a spiritual nation scattered all over the world, and such details obviously could not apply to it in a literal sense. Then, two months later, the latter died, doubtless unexpectedly; it was the same month when there would have been a septennial reading of the law of Deuteronomy.11 He played an important role during two momentous periods: (1) under Ahaz, during the war between Syria and Israel (chapters 7-11), and (2) under Hezekiah, during a siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib chapters 36; 37). In the 5th year of Jehoiachins captivity, 593/92, Ezekiel had his first vision by the river Chebar, a canal near the famous city of Nippur in lower Babylonia (chapter 1:1-3). Baruch, son of Neriah. Nation after nation would come over (Isaiah 45:14), that is, be joined with and cleave to the house of Jacob (chapter 14:1). Webdid isaiah and jeremiah live at the same time grantchester sidney and violet Posted by on May 21st, 2021 The Book Of Isaiah - The Man, The Times, And The Book Isaiah was God 's prophet and the author of the Bible book that bears his name. Hosea 2:6-13). ), success must and will comethrough Israel after the spirit. All Israel consists of both Jews and Gentiles, thus all Israel shall be saved (Romans 11:25, 26). The present-day return of the Jews to Palestine and the establishment of the modern state of Israel do not imply reinstatement as Gods people, present or future. They were written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come (1 Corinthians 10:11). But to go beyond that which is clearly set forth by Inspirationin the immediate context of the passage concerned, in the New Testament, or in the Spirit of prophecyis to substitute personal opinion for a plain Thus saith the Lord. Where Inspiration has not thus clearly spoken it is our privilege to compare scripture with scripture in an endeavor to understand more perfectly the mind of the Spirit. This leads us to conclude that Malachis work may have followed Nehemiahs first term as governor, but preceded his return to Jerusalem from the Persian capital. Through His people Christ is to manifest His character and the principles of His kingdom. 2. The glory that distinguished the early part of the reign of Solomon was due in part to his own faithfulness during that time, and in part to the fact that his father David had seemed to appreciate fully Israels exalted privileges and responsibilities (see Psalms 51:10, 11; Isaiah 55:3; cf. In other words, they prophesied and ministered about the same time. WebIsaiah 65:12 I will destine you for the sword, and you will all kneel down to be slaughtered, because I called and you did not answer, I spoke and you did not listen; you did evil in My sight and chose that in which I did not delight." A Nebuchadnezzar 59 Q Although the Hebrew term naar, youth, or child, by which the prophet designates himself verse (6), does not give an indication of Jeremiahs exact age at the time of his call, the context of the passage in which this word appears seems to favor the interpretation that he was still very young, perhaps less than twenty. Following this line of interpretation, some have gone to the extreme of proposing a Christian migration to Palestine. We shall be protected against the grossly literal explanation of some expositors concerning the return of literal Israel to literal Palestine to rule the world for a thousand years prior to the close of human probation, and also against other equally unscriptural interpretations that propose to apply allegorically to the church all the details of the promises originally made to literal Israel. Micah, Hosea, and Jeremiah. 6. They interpreted prophecy in accordance with their selfish desires, because their ambitious hopes were fixed on worldly greatness. If these rules are consistently followed the resulting interpretation can be accepted with confidence. But here, as in all exposition of Scripture, we should avoid affirming as the explicit teachings of the Bible that which is our private, finite view, however plausible it may appear to be. Prophecies that Inspiration clearly applies to our day were designed of God to inspire us with patience, comfort, and the hope that all things foretold by these holy men of old will soon meet their final and complete fulfillment. Who served as Jeremiah's scribe? Foskey, however, is far from a lock to be selected with one of the 31 first-round selections. Eventually, all the nations would call Jerusalem the throne of the Lord and be gathered unto it, not to walk any more after the imagination of their evil heart (Jeremiah 3:17). From the visible their minds were to be directed to the invisible, from the seen to the unseen, from the material to the spiritual, from the temporal to the eternal. Technical know-how would render products made in Israel superior to all others. Amos presents himself to his readers as a herdsman and a gatherer of sycomore fruit (chapters 1:1; 7:14). It was His purpose to set them on high above all nations of the earth (Deuteronomy 28:1), with the result that all people of the earth would recognize their superiority and call them blessed (Malachi 3:10, 12). In so doing we shall be secure against the fanciful explanations sometimes given certain Old Testament prophecies. Revelation 17:13, 14, 17). WebIsaiah was a prophet of the southern kingdom, living in a critical period of his nation. 4. (chapter 5:14), after which he was recalled to Persia. All who have faith in Christ are one in Him, and, as a the spiritual seed of Abraham, are heirs according to the promise (Galatians 3:9, 28, 29). Isaiah 3:12; 9:16) meant the permanent, irrevocable cancellation of their special standing before God as a nation (cf. The day, before, He had called it my house (chapter 21:13), but henceforth He no longer owned it as His.